To have
Used as an auxiliary verb (e.g., 'he comido' - 'I have eaten') or to express existence with 'hay' ('there is'/'there are'). It does not mean 'to possess'.
A more formal verb for 'to possess' or 'to own'. It's not common in everyday conversation but you might see it in writing.
I have two cats.
Are you hungry? We can eat something.
My sister is twenty years old.
We have to go to the supermarket.
Do you all have a car?
The primary difference is the use of 'vosotros' for the informal plural 'you'. The conjugation is 'vosotros tenéis'. For example, '¿Tenéis hambre?' (Are you all hungry?).
In regions that use 'voseo', 'tú tienes' is replaced with 'vos tenés'. For example, 'Vos tenés un celular nuevo' (You have a new cell phone).
The usage of 'tener' is standard Latin American Spanish. It's used for possession, age, and many common expressions like 'tener hambre' (to be hungry) and 'tener que' (to have to).
Using 'ser' or 'estar' for age. For example, saying 'Yo soy 25 años.' — In Spanish, you 'have' years, you don't 'are' them. The correct way is always 'Yo tengo 25 años.'
Confusing 'tener' (to have) with 'hay' (there is/are). A student might say 'Hay un hermano' to mean 'I have a brother.' — 'Tener' expresses personal possession. Use 'Tengo un hermano' for 'I have a brother'. 'Hay' describes existence, as in 'Hay un restaurante cerca' (There is a restaurant nearby).
Using 'estar' for physical states like hunger or thirst. For example, 'Estoy hambre' or 'Estoy sed.' — Many common physical sensations that use 'to be' in English use 'tener' in Spanish. The correct phrases are 'Tengo hambre' (I am hungry) and 'Tengo sed' (I am thirsty).
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