Storm
Used for a prolonged period of bad weather, often with strong winds, not just a single event.
This specifically means a sudden, heavy downpour of rain, a key part of many storms.
Similar to 'aguacero', this refers to a sudden, intense, but often short-lived rain shower.
There is a storm. We can't go out.
The sky is dark. It looks like a storm is coming.
What a downpour! I'm all wet.
The storm is very strong on the coast.
'La tormenta' is the standard, universally understood word for storm across the Spanish-speaking world.
'Tormenta' is standard. 'Aguacero' is very common for a heavy downpour.
'Tormenta' and 'aguacero' are common. Colloquially, a very heavy rain is called a 'palo de agua'.
'Temporal' is very frequently used, sometimes more than 'tormenta', especially for storms with strong winds.
'Tormenta' is the most common term. 'Temporal' is also used, particularly to describe storms affecting the sea or coast.
Using 'tormento' instead of 'tormenta'. — 'La tormenta' (feminine) is a weather storm. 'El tormento' (masculine) means 'torment' or 'anguish'. They are not interchangeable.
Saying 'Está tormenta' to mean 'There is a storm'. — To say 'There is a storm,' use the verb 'haber': 'Hay una tormenta'. You can use 'estar' to describe the sky ('el cielo está de tormenta'), but not the storm itself in this way.
Using 'lluvia' for 'storm'. — 'Lluvia' means 'rain'. A 'tormenta' is a bigger event that includes rain, but also wind, and often thunder ('truenos') and lightning ('relámpagos').
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